Majority of pearl jewelry sold in the world are cultured pearls

Guest mollusk-pearl

The pearl is nothing like the limestone formations inside the body of a number of bivalve mollusks found in marine and freshwater coasts and are related to anomalies of the mantle of the animal. The chemical composition is a compound of calcium carbonate and organic substance of protein type. Organic — it is a frame of pearls. In the form of education are different. The most common round stones, rarely drop-shaped and pear-shaped. The most rare — unusual shape resembling an ellipse.

Color of pearls depends on the type of mollusk is the pearl oyster, in which it was formed. The color is very diverse: black, white, Golden, bronze, pink, black. Meet blue, green, violet, and lavender stones. Moreover, the hue varies from deep to pale. The hue of monasticism affected the inner mother of pearl layer of the shell, and place attached grit.It accidentally got a grain of sand causes irritation, the mollusk tries to expel a foreign object from its body, enveloping her nacreous layer secretion, gradually increase the new layers. Eventually formed a unique iridescent composition and shimmer pearl. More than freshwater, saltwater pearls are prized. It is believed that the quality of education is affected by the surrounding water temperature and even the health of shellfish, as well as the food he takes.

Pearl is one of the most sought after stones in the jewelry trade. They prefer royals are female. Beauty, originality, exquisite appearance of the jewelry make them the subject of hype beauties of all ages, the popular attribute of the publication. Extraction of natural pearls is many centuries old and is risky. However, seven centuries ago, the ubiquitous Chinese found a way and started getting artificially extracted semi-precious stone. What is a cultured pearl.

Pearls from different coasts

The basic idea is to create conditions close to natural, when the body caught clams of a suitable form is introduced stimulus triggers the secretion of nacre. Most often, the stimulus acts artificially carved from the shell of a freshwater oyster mother of pearl bead or core. The invention is patented and is called the nuclear method of growing.

Cultured pearls are divided into types, its varieties depend on the place of breeding:

Japanese Akoya. Cultivated in the sea of Japan. The largest plantation faux pearl in the world. There are exquisite pearl pink, white pearls, and the stones with silver and greenish tint. The process takes up to four years, diameter of the pearls is 8 mm. Perfect shape — spherical.
Japanese_akoya
Japanese Akoya pearls

The South sea pearls. Grown near the shores of the Indian and Pacific oceans. Most major commercial species. The middle pearls have a size of 13 mm, often reaching 20 mm. This is due to the large amount of oysters to pearls, favourable conditions and technology of cultivation, when the vaccine into the body of the clam is at the age not earlier than 2 years. Cultured pearls from these districts are characterized by delicate pastel shades of silver and Golden mother-of-pearl, thick layer, and the extraordinary matte-satin sheen.

Golden South sea pearls

Pearls Of Tahiti. Cultivated off the coast of French Polynesia. cultivation of rare black pearls. But the range of shades can be wide. Large pearls have reached a diameter of 16, rarely 20 mm.

Pearls Of Cortez. Grown in the warm waters of the Gulf of California. The major difference is the wealth of overtones. Available in purple, lavender, green, Golden shades with a deep layer of mother of pearl, gorgeous rabenou and extraordinary tints.

River, freshwater. The most affordable and versatile type of cultured pearls. A leader in farming this species are pearl farms of China. The unique difference of this method is the opportunity to plant and to “educate” in the body of oysters to 12 pieces pearls. The result of production becomes more than 1.5 tons of pearls annually. The range of hues — from dark-purple to light pink and white.
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Necklace made of threads of river pearls

In addition to belonging to the place of cultivation on the types of pearls are classified according to the method of production. For example, cultured Mabe pearl is a pearl, received a blister method. That is, the implant implanted in the tissue of oysters, attach themselves to the walls of the shell. The result is a unique pearlescent surface, which after removal of the filled epoxy resins and is used for inserts in pendants, rings. Other pearls — Keshi — have fantasy in the form of seed, appear as the product of rejection during implantation.Are rare with a thick layer of nacre and a strong natural Shine. Popular seeds Keshi lavender and pistachio shades.

Criteria for the evaluation of cultured pearls:

Shine. One of the main factors. The more shiny the pearl, the better.
Color. Determined under natural light in a visual way, the application of background substrates.
The thickness of the layer of nacre. Usually used method direct measurement with a magnifying glass and scale.
Size. More valuable than those that are larger. Depends on the conditions of cultivation and the type of mollusk.
Form. The typical form is spherical, but there are many varieties. Is determined by rolling on an inclined surface.
The cleanliness of the surface. Visually determine visible defects and inclusions, which include grooves, bumps, uneven luster and prokras.
The selection of pearls. The criterion applies for the selection of specific products with two or more stones. Strict account on the basis of all the factors in the preceding list.

Corundum is elite jewelry

The name “corundum” brought together a group of minerals with a similar structure, similar chemical and physical properties. He got the name from a word in Sanskrit “kuruvinda” or “courante”, which means “ruby.”

Corundum is a colorless mineral with expressive brilliance, but more often stones with inclusions that are painted in different shades of color: lemon, deep red, sky blue, green, purple, light blue.

In appearance there are two types of gems – rubies and sapphires. Ruby or “red sapphires” – gems, with a rich red color. Sapphires or “blue sapphires” cornflower intense color, rubies are valued much cheaper.

RubinRuby is a transparent corundum with different shades of red. In color the mineral varies in colour from light red to intense cherry, but especially appreciated the color “pigeon blood”. Such a stone is worth more than a diamond. Variations of red rubies:

Ceylon violet – red and lilac;
Siamese – violet and brown-red;
star – are extremely rare, known for the asterism.
Sapphire – transparent mineral with colors ranging from light blue to a bright cornflower blue. The most valuable stones are corundums of the average color saturation.
In nature there are minerals with a different color: pink, purple, yellow. They are called “fancy sapphires” and are striking variety of shades:

CorundumPadparadscha – a pinkish-red or yellowish-orange stones;
Leicosapphire or “Eastern sapphires”, they are completely transparent;
Star sapphires – the exotic star-shaped stone;
Purple sapphire or “Oriental amethyst”;
Chloroseptic. The green color makes it look like the emerald, also called “Oriental emerald”.
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History, chemical composition and extraction of precious stones

First description of the corundum found in the work of Pliny the Elder “Natural history”. Pliny described the stone from the scientific side, noting his brilliance, the game of colors and uneven coloring. He also announced the production of corundum. Another described the use in magical rituals and the division of the stones into male and female. In the East and in Ancient India revered and appreciated Rubin. According to ancient legend from the droplets of blood appeared gems, stunning rich red color.

Mineral chemical composition is aluminium oxide, is formed in nature when high contents of alumina and silica deficiency, and in hardness takes second place only to diamond.

There are two types of stone. The first has a bluish or yellowish-gray. And the second – directly corundum.

SapphireThe second variety is highly prized for features to purchase different shades of color, depending on quantity of impurity chromophores. It is the impurities of iron, vanadium, chromium or titanium. Sapphires are formed from impurities of titanium, which gives shades of blue and rubies from impurities of chromium, which gives the red color. But there are also colourless corundums leicosapphires. The yellow color becomes gem due to iron oxides, brown iron pink, and when combined with manganese.

When heated, the color pale yellow pale purple stones lose color, and dark purple turned into pink.

75% of the material mined in Australia, precious stones production in Turkey, India and Africa, the USA, Thailand and Canada, the Kola Peninsula. Carry out the development on the island of Sri Lanka and in Norway. In Russia is mined in Karelia, middle and Northern Urals, in the Krasnodar Region.

Corundum successfully assists in the treatment of eye diseases. It improves metabolism and normalizes blood circulation, helps to reduce sweating and improve the sebaceous glands. Improves well-being in women after 45 years. The gem alleviates the symptoms of menopause, slows down the aging process.

Reddish or purple gem helps from disorders of neuralgia, as well as in a concussion. In diseases of the skeletal system it is applied to the affected area.

Crimson corundum restores the blood loss and brightens, and the blue will return to women’s health. To improve digestion is to carry in my pocket a stone of orange color.

Precious corundumsIn corundum complicated. The gem gives the owner the composure and determination, protects them from making rash actions. It fits people whose profession is associated with financial risks. Exchange mineral of the player will stop before entering into questionable transactions, and poker players will help to keep your sanity during the tedious tournaments. He loves people, striving for the heights of career and power. For weak-willed persons corundum is contraindicated, it will crush their power, will cause insomnia and nightmares.

Corundum has beneficial effects on all zodiac signs, except Capricorn. Most of all helps to achieve the financial heights Cancer, because he, like the gem protects Jupiter. Natural stone suitable for Pisces and Aquarius. Aries women need to wear a corundum after reaching the age of forty, to experience a rush of energy and enthusiasm. The Lions can cause a obscure discomfort and disappointment in life values.

Pearl jewelry likes when it’s often worn

Use one of the following methods:

The easiest way is: holding pearls on the surface of the teeth. From real pearls, you will hear a distinctive creaking sound, as opposed to artificial.
Gently rubbing between pearls from natural, you’ll feel a slight interaction between the surfaces, while PU will be free to slide.
PearlCultured pearls are significantly heavier than synthetic.
The natural (cultivated) pearl may not be a perfectly smooth surface.
Due to the natural origin of pearls, there is some elasticity, so they bounce off solid surfaces, and synthetic if they quit, just roll.
The luster of cultured pearls of uniform, in contrast to the counterfeits. This is clearly seen on light-colored fabric.
Imitation pearls are rapidly heated, while from the natural blows cold.
Despite the variety of test methods. For years because of the development of the industry for the production of pearls, some modern producers are able to skillfully mimic the characteristics of natural pearls. Therefore, one hundred percent confidence you will be able to give only the expert who verified it in the laboratory.

Care, storage and socks cultured pearls

Pearl jewelry look great and always attract the attention of others. But if they are mishandled, they will quickly lose its original luster and beauty. Therefore, owners of jewelry made of natural pearls, it is important to know and follow the experts ‘ recommendations on storage, wear and care of cultured pearls.

Pearl jewelryIt is best to store the pearls fit a separate box, decoration made of soft material. If it does not, then we recommend you just wrap the ornaments in tissue. It is important that the room where you store pearl jewelry, the air was not dry. If this be neglected, the individual crystals of aragonite can begin to flake off, which will undoubtedly lead to visual damage. It is also important to avoid exposure to direct sunlight, and in hot weather next to the decorations to put a glass of water, it will help to maintain optimum moisture level.

To prevent damage to the pearls during wear, it is important to know that their surface deteriorates due to the constant contact with creams, perfumes and decorative cosmetics. Also pearls can noticeably yellow due to constant exposure to tobacco smoke. Therefore, such ornaments should always be put on in the last turn, giving the opportunity to absorb creams and reducing exposure to aerosols.

Should refrain from wearing pearls in the windy weather. Also absolutely contraindicated in the pool. Contact with any chemical elements not explicitly add beauty to your decorations.

Pearl jewelry likes when it’s often worn. Because of this pearls are regularly saturated with moisture and longer retain its luster. But to borrow such ornaments is not worth it. It is believed that pearls become ‘accustomed’ to his mistress.

Pearl jewelryAfter you removed the jewelry, you need to wipe them gently moist a soft cloth to clean the pearls from chemical microparticles. Stubborn dirt should be removed with the help of foam soap (baby soap) and a damp cloth.

It is important to remember that the moist pearls, you cannot close the box. You need to give the mind time to dry completely at room temperature. Follow the recommendations of the experts, and then pearl jewelry will delight you for many years.

Wonderful creations of nature is the natural pearl

One of the wonderful creations of nature is the natural pearl. Its uniqueness compared to other jewelry in that it is formed not in the bowels of the earth, such as diamonds, and in the shells of bivalves.

Historically, because of its uniqueness and beauty, natural pearls were very popular.

The lack of material for pearl jewelry was visible already in the early twentieth century. There was a threat of extinction of certain species of mollusks. The way out of this situation was due to the fact that people learned how to grow cultured pearls.

In this article we take a closer look at what is a cultured pearl, how to choose, store and what to wear.

Many people mistakenly believe that pearls are created albeit with a little assistance people, belong to artificial. To prevent such errors, let us look at their varieties.

Natural pearls formed in the shell of a mollusk due to an accidental contamination of small foreign bodies. The fact that the inner wall of the mantle have a huge number of nerve endings, and contact with a foreign object causes an instant reaction – to protect the mollusk begins to secrete a substance (nacre), enveloping the foreign body. Thus, a random grain of sand becomes the center of formation of the new pearls, for proper growth which will take a few more years.

The growth rate of pearls depends on numerous factors, including the age of the mollusk, the state of the environment and habitat, on average this process takes about 5-6 years.

Pearls grown in mollusks ‘ shells with the help of a man called cultivated. On the market today, their share is about 90 %. This is due to high demand for such jewelry. Besides cultured pearls are cheaper than wild, although the difference is not noticeable.

Pearl farming Modern technology of cultivating pearls was created by the Japanese, Kokichi, Mikimoto. In short, to do this in the mantle of the mollusk is introduced artificially created ball of nacre after which pearl oysters are immersed in a natural environment, where over the next few years is the natural process of pearl formation.

Due to the fact that the shape of the pearls depends mainly on the caught foreign object, cultivated pearls are more rounded. However, laying -, nobody gives absolute guarantee that it will survive. Therefore, there are always some risks that people cannot control.

The complete opposite of artificial pearls. In its creation the clams take absolutely no involvement, it is wholly the creation of human hands. Now there are many different technologies of imitation pearls. Wide popularity of faux pearls Moogs. It is created by a Spanish technology on the island of Mallorca in the Mediterranean sea. On the basis of the alabaster, ball to apply many thin layers of nacre, making a pearl out of a variety of colors and a perfect shape.

For habitat and as a consequence the quality and size of pearls are divided into marine and freshwater.

Marine cultured pearls are grown in salt water. It is estimated more than a river (fresh water). Its form is usually much better. Besides, he wins the glitter.

PearlFreshwater pearls grow in rivers, lakes and even in former rice fields, flooded with water. They, unlike the sea, do not have a nucleus (during the creation of cultured pearls is being implemented only a grain of sand the pearl, taken from mussels). The exception is pearls larger than 10 mm.

In addition, natural and cultured pearls are usually classified according to the form and place of origin. So experts separately allocate pearls, South sea, Akoya, and Tahitian. Well, in the form of accordingly, it is subdivided into spherical, round, Baroque, blister, BLOB, etc.

A simple answer to the question “what is pearl better” is quite difficult. The choice rather depends on the financial possibilities and personal preferences.

Here are a few expert tips that can help you to decide:

With a limited budget it is better to opt for the pearls of smaller diameter but of higher quality. Feature of pearl is that inner glow, for several centuries, causing the admiration and love of women, makes it more visually.
Pearl jewelryYoung girls should prefer the necklace up to 40 cm It is more versatile.
With evening outfit will look great pearl strand with a length up to 120 cm of her socks there are many.
Choose a model with a strong Shine from the inside. Special glow can hide minor defects that inevitably occur over time.
When buying pearls, pay special attention to the clasp. Choose the universal option, so in case you need necklace could easily turn into a chic bracelet.
A lover of astrology and mysticism is also helpful to know about the selection of pearls on the signs of the zodiac. Since ancient times, jewelry was endowed with certain magical properties. So, for example:

In Mongolia, the pearl has always been considered a symbol of power and, according to legend, they are able to save from the poison.
But in the Eastern Mediterranean is a symbol of chastity, dignity and wisdom.
In India, pearls are made to give for the protection of love and marriage. It symbolizes prosperity and well-being.
Information and advice about how to fit these ornaments are actually very a lot of. Besides, different sources often contradict each other. Therefore, we turn to the well-known mathematics V. Kaftanova, which was engaged in the systematization of these data.

Pisces, Cancers and Aquarius equally well suited any kind of pearls.
The signs of the zodiacAries and Virgo should refrain from making such adornments (especially black and gray). The same applies to lions (but not categorical).
The twins are recommended to pay attention to pearls, bright colors.
Scorpio and Capricorn are best suited pearls in grey, pearl and black colors.
But for Sagittarius, Taurus and Libra is a decoration you can choose, focusing solely on your taste, because they have no contraindications.
As a General recommendation it can be noted that pearl is best suited to strong, self-confident people. It’s like he balances the character, bringing harmony in life. But the weak and depressed people it is the opposite, not recommended. It can strengthen the feeling of loneliness and sadness.

Without a doubt, when buying pearls, it is also important to be able to determine if there is a clever imitation or natural (cultured) sample.

Cultured pearls can take a variety of forms and color

It is necessary to distinguish cultured pearls from faux. A method of creating cultured pearls virtually indistinguishable from natural, but the grain from which it was grown. When creating a cultured pearl mollusks are not used, the imitation is produced exclusively through human-made technology. Cultured pearls can take a variety of forms and color, but even the qualitative simulation cannot fully replicate the texture and glow of pearls created by mollusks.
Usually cultured pearls are easier to natural and it is perfectly smooth. In addition, it does not have the elasticity inherent pearls created by mollusks – if you throw it on the smooth surface, it will roll, while natural or cultured will rebound from it. Another important difference between faux pearls – no special inner glow that is so prized natural pearls.
Cultured pearls are usually different from the natural form only. The fact that the shape of the pearl depends on the grain from which it grew. The basis for cultured pearls, as a rule, smooth mother-of-pearl bead, so the cultured pearls usually have a more regular, rounded shape, than natural.
In order to cultured pearls not deteriorated and longer rejoice in their unique beauty as well as natural, you need to store. It is best to allocate storage a separate box. But if not, you can wrap it in a soft cloth. It is important that the air in the room where the pearls were not dry. To avoid this, you can put next to a place where there are decorations, a glass of water. And, of course, is to avoid storing the jewelry in a place where the sun is often shining on them.All of this can lead to damage that will quickly become visible on the stone. Wearing pearls can damage the cream or applied on the skin perfumes. That is why you should wear such jewellery on last when everything else is already wearing it, and all the cosmetics applied to the skin, soaked.

Pearl mollusks are placed in the natural environment

Pearl is one of the most popular gemstones. It is as if lit from within, which could not fail to attract lovers of the beautiful from ancient times. It is not surprising that by the early twentieth century, when few people even heard about, what is a cultured pearlformed a serious shortage of this beautiful stone. Unlike other gems, pearls do not find in the bowels of the earth, and in the shells of mollusks, where it is formed naturally within a few years. The popularity of pearls has led some of these molluscs to almost complete extinction.
A way out was found by the Japanese, Mikimoto Kokichi, which could provide a method of pearl cultivation in artificial conditions. In the natural environment the formation of a pearl occurs when a mollusk shell gets a random grain of sand. Incredibly delicate mantle of the mollusk to protect begins to produce a special substance – nacre – which layer after layer that covers the grain of sand. So for several years, formed a stone that is so appreciated by the people. Mikimoto learned to artificially create the conditions to recreate this process.To create a cultured pearl mollusks are placed in the natural environment, and in the mantle artificially put a small ball of nacre. To this artificially introduced ball rose a real gem, take the same few years that would be required for the creation of pearls in nature.

How to clean pearls at home?

The answer to this question should start with the fact that the pearls are alive. He can get sick, grow old and die. Needs to be treated very carefully.

Pearls must be cleaned from sweat and sebum, because they corrode mother of pearl shell pearls, causing cracking. To use aggressive cleaning agents for this gentle of jewelry is impossible, therefore it is better to choose baby soap or shampoo. Foam applied to a cotton pad, wipe the ornament and by blotting it with a napkin, let it dry completely. If it beads, try to keep the moisture did not get to the thread. Thread the pearl beads are changed every 2-3 years to ensure that dirt is not trapped inside the pearls.

There is a method of dry cleaning pearls. For him to need a tablespoon of potato starch and a piece of velvet fabric. Starch is poured onto the cloth and wipe the pearls. Also known a method of polishing pearls, cork flour.

To return the lost Shine to the tarnished pearl, often use salt, finely ground. To do this, lay the pearls on a linen cloth, sprinkle it with salt, and tying in a knot, rinse with warm water until the salt is completely dissolved. It is desirable that the water was filtered and not straight from the tap. Then the decoration should be dried away from sunlight and clean air.

Shine old pearls and after they are submerged in a solution of vinyl acetate or of high quality olive oil. These substances will fill small cracks. There is another old method to rejuvenate the pearl : to bury it at some time in the ground.

The best way to preserve the beauty of pearls is often worn so that it touched the skin, warm human warmth, exchanging energy with the owner. But we must remember the rule: before leaving your home decoration with pearls put on last, and, returning home, shoot first. Taking off pearls, wipe them with a soft microfiber cloth or a cloth made of natural fabrics. If you follow these rules, frequent cleaning pearls is not required.

Pearls as a stone of magical properties

Since ancient times, people revered the pearls as stone of magical properties of which were known in Ancient Egypt, as well as black pearls, a long time hiding their unique features behind a veil of secrecy. In our time, pearl jewelry is considered the epitome of elegance and natural perfection, put on festive events, weddings and support with pearls their own health. What is this unique stone?

Beautiful stone

Pearls are called special and unique and perfect creations of nature and man. Finding a pearl is considered the location of divine forces over, because it will bring wealth, prosperity, joy and wisdom to its possessor. The magical properties of stone pearls have long been known: it will contribute to material prosperity, bring back health and youthful strength, help you to get rid of so many illnesses…

Mother-of-pearl layers that envelops the mollusk accidentally fell into his shell grit, will sooner or later turn into beautiful stones. Familiar to us pearl white not single in its kind: it can be blue, pink, yellow and noble black color. Specialists distinguish more than a hundred different colors of pearls, and emphasize the properties of stone black pearl.

Magical properties

Europeans used to think that wearable on the body of the freshwater pearls to have magical properties which are similar to the properties of the sea, will bring its owner many years of life, and the contemplation of his glare and iridescence gives man peace of mind, tranquility and restores the nervous system. Save pearl decoration and from the pangs of love do not know the answer, will warn the owner about the coming of the disease, changing its color. In Asia it is believed that the pearl embellishments will help to increase wealth and protect against unpleasant accidents.Indian couple put each other pearl jewelry, Chinese give the bride and groom on the pearl to the magic power helped to conceive.Properties of stone of the black pearl is well-known to the Arab merchants, who wear a pearl ring that protects from the evil eye, thieves and liars.

How to wear?

The Holy book the Bible mentions pearls as the epitome of purity, virginity, fidelity to the precepts of God. The Israelis know that if the pearls became darker, no longer shiny, so his owner decided bad things, but there’s nothing worse than spilled in the powder pearl is its owner dared to break the divine Covenant.
Do you know the properties of stone, pearl, who is and someone to wear it not? Many people believe that pearls can be worn only women and be right: man pearl decoration will make a soft, weak-willed, would deprive him of happiness in life and may even suffer in big trouble. But women magical properties of freshwater pearls bring only benefit: make a daughter of eve, meek, and humble and happy, and married women will give you the joy of motherhood, will help in the home, the farm and the upbringing of children. Should not wear pearls and men of art, because it would deprive them of many abilities. Among the signs of the zodiac the most beneficial effect pearl decoration for Twins, Scorpions, and the Trinity of the water signs, giving them discretion.
Black pearl is known as an amulet that can simultaneously soothe, to pacify or bring sadness and longing; you should wear it to arieses, Scorpions and Lions. Signs of the fiery sphere, violent and impatient, will be using black pearl calmer and sensible. The magical properties of stone black pearl for a long time was known only to sorcerers and magicians, but today everyone can learn the truth about them!

Yet our great-grandfathers, their grandfathers, and great grandfathers was the tradition regarding the magical properties of freshwater pearls to give the woman the jewel in the year that the family was prosperous and large. Not just whether it was our grandparents, several brothers, and sisters? The ancient Slavs believed that the pearl decoration on the body makes a person joyful and happy, gives him wealth, a healthy, strong body into old age. And it is not surprising that some of our ancestors lived so long! But wearing pearls you need in large quantity, for example, in the form of a necklace, only then the magical properties of pearls will manifest itself. But a pearl is a tear, do not bring anything good, except for sadness and sorrow

Three pearls on the body will bring the woman joy of motherhood, and pearl necklace will make her prudent and wise will protect them against bad companions — no one can cheat such a woman. Sensitive natures dozen pearls can give supernatural powers, ability to open to divination and prophetic dreams. So, the pearls is capable of much:

to bestow people with health
to bring wealth
help to fight diseases
to please and give family happiness
open in people a particular opportunity.
Pearls magical properties which we can use to ourselves and others for the good!

Classic pearls never go out of fashion

Where did pearl jeelry appeared in popular culture of Russia? It all started with 1721. Peter I issued a decree that tried to organize the production of pearlsin Russia. Initially, private fishing is banned, but apparently something went wrong and after a few years the decree was edited: to engage in private fishing is possible, but the largest and most beautiful specimens earner was obliged to hand over to the state. Of course, for a fee.In 1764 it was introduced another amendment, which resolved “to catch the pearls in the rivers, the lakes, in whose cottages they may be, all without hindrance”.

After a hundred years of mining has passed the position: export brought to the Treasury a total of 1.5 thousand rubles. No government measures have failed. With the development of industry environmental situation continues to deteriorate, and as the pearl-oyster shell feel well only in clean rivers, most of the pearl-oysters of the rivers Russia lost. It is unclear why suddenly in 1912 was a dramatic increase in the production of pearl amount of exports amounted to 300 thousand rubles in gold, but after 1917 the new government found the organization of the pearl fishery impractical.Now to the North again being produced, however, more on an experimental level. Since 1991, the new technology allows to partially open shell, and to prevent the death of a rare pearl. They left very little: in Russia only a few dozen rivers in which populations of these clams is still quite numerous, but their active replacement by other, less whimsical.

Pearls and Japanese
When in the early XX century one of the Japanese pearl divers artificially raised the pearl, he had no idea that it will deprive the work of an entire industry. Indeed, actively cultivated the so-called “cultured” pearls: shell grit will wear, and she begins to process it. However, the mortality rate of shellfish-media sometimes reaches 40%, as not all shells accept a foreign body, but gradually this percentage decreases.

Markets quickly filled novelty: the quality of pearls is almost the same as usual, and even managed to grow pearls of different colors and shapes. However, the AMA became unemployed.

Literally, AMA means “of the sea”, and there are two ways of writing this hieroglyph, which can be translated as “husband of the sea” and “woman of the sea”. But most of the divers are young women is that they are much more resistant to dive at 15-20 meters, and can last longer under water. This is a very ancient profession, which is more than 2000 years.

Before a good diver, was considered the one that will be able to dive to a depth of not less than 15 meters, and can survive underwater longer than a minute. The AMA outfit consisted of a loincloth-fundoshi, which is attached to the instrument for the uprooting of oysters from the rocks, wire bag, a knife, and sometimes gloves.

Today there are special diving suits, and fins, but afford them, not every diver, besides the AMA, sought to preserve the traditions of their profession. AMA has produced only pearls, but with the advent of the plantation for growing pearls, they have to produce both algae and sea urchins, and many other things. Previously, AMA was earning significantly more many skilled employees — female-AMA even her husband was able to pick myself as it was absolutely independent member of the family and often the only breadwinner.Now, when the prices of their output has dropped, the popularity of the profession declined, and with it, respectively, and income. So you have to combine work with agriculture and fishing. To date, there are only a few places where the AMA as a few centuries ago, sink to the sea floor in loincloths: there very often tourists come to gawk at fearless mermaids, repeatedly diving into the abyss in search of treasure

It is noteworthy that, despite his advanced age as jewelry, classic pearls never go out of fashion. It is universal as it suits every outfit and almost any style. Even more surprising is the fact that the pearls are never devalued: whether the discovery of Conquistador or grown on the farm the stone it will always attract attention.

IN GENEVA, THE AUCTION DUBBED “THE LEGEND”. THE STONE IS ESTIMATED AT 18 MILLION EUROS.

The largest diamond in the shape of a heart from ever being put up for auction will offer auction house Christie’s on 17 may in Geneva. According to experts, the stone can be sold for 18 million euros.
This lot will be the “star” of the traditional auction the famous auction house dedicated to jewelry. According to the newspaper Le Matin, the diamond is a constituent part of a necklace of cultured pearls and has a weight of 92 CT.
White diamond without any impurities is called “Legend”. Experts estimate its cost in the amount of from 12 to 18 million euros. At the auction will also feature jewelry from the collection of film star Elizabeth Taylor.